![]() Hydrostatic pressure can cause spalling, but spalling can also be caused by freeze-thaw cycles in building materials that have a high moisture content.īoth efflorescence and spalling can be prevented with capillary breaks, such as by installing a polyethylene sheeting under a concrete slab. Let me tell you, it can be a big headache to remove. When efflorescence leads to strong osmotic pressures-greater than the strength of the building material-and the material literally breaks apart, the resulting damage is called spalling. Efflorescence leaves a white residue on stone and its just salt deposits from the soil or stone itself. The action of water rushing to the surface due to capillary action creates incredible forces that can cause materials to crack, flake and break apart. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most common salt in groundwater and soils in Western Australia. Salt is any molecule comprised of a cation, such as sodium +, potassium + and calcium 2+, and an anion, such as chloride - and sulfate 2. diffusion vapor pressure: 0.3 to 0.5 psiĪs you can see from the list above, osmosis can create pressure that is greater than the structural strength of concrete, which can be from 2,000 psi to 3,000 psi. Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in soil or water.mainly as a result of excessive salinity occurring most often as salt. Here are some examples of how that pressure translates: The tests include hanges of efflorescence occurring after ten years of wall. ![]()
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